Battery cage housing means that laying hens are kept for egg production in closed cages. Focusing more on animal welfare considerations and regulating the minimum floor space per laying hen, a stricter EU legislation entered into force in 2012. The so-called EU-compliant new cages provide larger space for the birds. In addition, production has become highly automated, more hygienic and less labour-intensive. Code 3 identifies eggs originating from the battery cage systems of multinational companies.